Contoh, Rumus, dan Pembentukan kalimat The Passive Voice

Passive Voice

Membentuk Kalimat Passive

Dalam kalimat pasif, objek dari kalimat aktif menjadi subjek di kalimat pasif. Contoh:

Active: The children helped the old man.

Passive: The old man was helped by the children.

Dari contoh di atas, terlihat bahwa objek (the old man) di kalimat aktif menjadi subjek di kalimat passive. Hanya kalimat transitif (kalimat yang membutuhkan objek) yang digunakan dalam kalimat passif. Contoh:

Active: An accident happened.

Passive: (tidak ada)

Pembentukan kalimat passive

	ACTIVE	PASSIVE
Simple present	The boy recites the holy Qurân.	The holy Qurân is recited by the boy.
Present continuous	The boy is reciting the holy Qurân.	The holy Qurân is being recited by the boy.
Present perfect	The boy has recited the holy Qurân.	The holy Qurân has been recited by the boy.
Simple past	The boy recited the holy Qurân.	The holy Qurân was recited by the boy.
Past continuous	The boy was reciting the holy Qurân.	The holy Qurân was being recited by the boy.
Past perfect	The boy had recited the holy Qurân.	The holy Qurân had been recited by the boy.
(Simple) future	The boy will recite the holy Qurân.	The holy Qurân will be recited by the boy.
Future perfect	The boy would have recited the holy Qurân.	The holy Qurân would have been recited by the boy.
To be going to	The boy is going to recite the holy Qurân.	The holy Qurân is going to be recited by the boy.
Infinitive “to”	The boy has to recite the holy Qurân.	The holy Qurân has to be recited by the boy.
Present participle/ Gerund	I like inviting friends to my home	I like being invited to your home.

Catatan:

1. Present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous, future continuous, dan future perfect continuous tidak dipakai dalam kalimat passive.
2. Biasanya kalimat pasif digunakan tanpa kata by. Kalimat pasif umumnya digunakan ketika pelaku (subjek) tidak dikenal atau tidak penting untuk diketahui. Kata-kata by people, by me, by you, by the, by someone, by a man, by a boy, by the servant, dan seterusnya tidak perlu dipakai. Contoh: (a)  Rice is grown in India by someone.   (b) English is spoken all over the world by people.
3.  “will dan would” di atas mewakili bentuk kata modal dan frasa modal lainnya: should, can, must, may, shall, had better, ought to, have to, is supposed to dan lainnya.

Pembentukan kalimat passive dalam bentuk pertanyaan

	ACTIVE	PASSIVE
Simple present	Do you paint the room beautifully?	Is the room beautifully painted  by you?
Present continuous	Are you painting the room beautifully?	Is the room being beautifully painted?
Present perfect	Have you painted the room beautifully?	Has the room been beautifully painted?
Simple past	Did you paint the room beautifully?	Was the room beautifully painted?
Past continuous	Were you painting the room beautifully?	Was the room being beautifully  painted?
Past perfect	Had you painted the room beautifully?	Had the room been beautifully painted?
(Simple) future	Will you paint the room beautifully?	Will the room be beautifully painted?
Future perfect	Will you have painted the room beautifully before I come home?	Will the room have been beautifully painted before I come home?
Infinitive “to”	Do you have to paint the room Beautifully?	Does the room have to be beautifully painted?

Di dalam kalimat passive kata keterangan cara seperti beautifully, well, dan sebagainya biasanya diletakkan sebelum kata kerja ke III nya atau past participle. Contoh: The room was beautifully painted.

Rumus Passive Voice

	Am, is, are, was, were	+ Verb III/Kata kerja ke III
Modal (Will, shall, can, may, must, should, dll)	+ Be
Have, has, had	+ Been
Am, is are, was, were, preposition, Kata kerja diikuti oleh gerund (enjoy, Appreciate, mind, finish, delay, dll)	+ Being

Source:

• Mastering Modern English Structure (1987) oleh Drs. Azhar Arsyad, MA [beliau sudah menjadi Guru Besar di UIN Alauddin]
• Understanding and Using English Grammar, Third Edition oleh Betty Schrampfer Azar

Muhammad Ahkam Arifin Muhammad Ahkam Arifin is a Fulbright PhD student at Washington State University, US. He earned a master`s degree in TESOL from the University of Edinburgh & Applied Linguistics from the University of Melbourne.

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